Turning
The dynamometer resolves the cutting force acting on the tool directly into its three orthogonal components.
Fc: Main cutting force Ff: Feed force Fp: Passive force
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Milling
With the static dynamometer mounted on the bed of the machine, the reaction forces on the workpiece are measured independently of the tool position.
Ff: Feed force
Ffn: Normal feed force Fp: Passive force
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Milling/drilling
The rotating multicomponent dynamometer measures independently of its position in space. Measurement of the cutting force is unaffected by the size of the workpiece.
Mz: Spindle torque Ff: Feed force Fx, Fy: Forces in the work plane
(rotating coordinate system)
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Drilling
The static 4-coordinate dynamometer measures the drilling torque accurately only when the drill is placed exactly above its center.
Mz: Drilling torqu Fp, Ff: Passive froce, Feed force Fx. Fy: Thrust forces
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Surface grinding
If the surface to be machined is parallel to the surface of the dynamometer cover plate, the following grinding wheel cutting force components are measured.
Ft: Tangential force Fn: Normal force Faxial force: Axial force
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