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Tools and processes on machine tools for metal cutting are monitored with a wide variety of force, strain, vibration, noise emission and effective power sensors. Monitoring of the cutting forces generally gives the best information. Three cutting force components have to be measured very accurately for reliable monitoring of tool wear in particular. For many lathe tool wear mechanisms evaluation of all three force components and their weightings is much more reliable than monitoring just one. One force component is often sufficient for collision and tool breakage monitoring. However, measuring the forces in all three directions increases the reliability even in this case.
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